Merge branch 'master' into remove_programspec

extra/export_model.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 from typing import Tuple, Dict, List, Optional
 from tinygrad.dtype import DType
-from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
 from tinygrad.tensor import Device, Tensor
 from tinygrad.engine.jit import TinyJit
 from tinygrad.nn.state import get_state_dict
-from tinygrad.helpers import Context, to_mv
+from tinygrad.helpers import Context, to_mv, to_function_name
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, UOp
 import json
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
@@ -15,8 +14,13 @@ EXPORT_SUPPORTED_DEVICE = ["WEBGPU", "CPU", "CUDA", "CL"]
 def compile_net(run:TinyJit, special_names:Dict[int,str]) -> Tuple[Dict[str,str],List[Tuple[str,List[str],List[int]]],Dict[str,Tuple[int,DType,int]],Dict[str,Tensor]]:
   functions, bufs, bufs_to_save, statements, bufnum = {}, {}, {}, [], 0
   for ji in run.jit_cache:
-    fxn: ProgramSpec = ji.prg.p
+    prg: UOp = ji.prg.p
-    functions[fxn.function_name] = fxn.src   # NOTE: this assumes all with the same name are the same
+    name = prg.src[0].arg.name
+    function_name = to_function_name(name)
+    src = prg.src[3].arg
+    global_size, local_size = prg.sizes
+    prg_vars = prg.variables()
+    functions[function_name] = src   # NOTE: this assumes all with the same name are the same
     cargs = []
     for i,arg in enumerate(ji.bufs):
       key = id(arg)
@@ -28,8 +32,8 @@ def compile_net(run:TinyJit, special_names:Dict[int,str]) -> Tuple[Dict[str,str]
           bufnum += 1
           if i > 0: bufs_to_save[bufs[key][0]] = arg   # if first usage of a buffer is not an output, and it's not a special name
       cargs.append(bufs[key][0])
-    cargs += [var for var in fxn.vars if getattr(var, "op", None) is Ops.DEFINE_VAR] # symbolic vars; is it necessary or sufficient to check for DEFINE_VAR?
+    cargs += [var for var in prg_vars if getattr(var, "op", None) is Ops.DEFINE_VAR] # symbolic vars; is it necessary or sufficient to check for DEFINE_VAR?
-    statements.append((fxn.function_name, cargs, fxn.global_size, fxn.local_size))
+    statements.append((function_name, cargs, list(global_size) if global_size else None, list(local_size) if local_size else None))
 
   return functions, statements, {name:(size, dtype, key) for (name,size,dtype,key) in bufs.values()}, bufs_to_save
 

extra/gemm/triton_nv_matmul.py

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import triton.language as tl
 from triton.compiler import AttrsDescriptor, ASTSource, compile as triton_compile
 import numpy as np
 from tinygrad import Tensor, dtypes, Device
-from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner, ExecItem, ProgramSpec
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops
+from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner, ExecItem
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv
 np.set_printoptions(suppress=True)
 
@@ -85,9 +86,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
   # remove debug sections
   src = src.split("\t.file")[0]
   assert '.extern .shared' not in src
-  prg = ProgramSpec("matmul_kernel", src, device=Device.DEFAULT,
+  # Create linearized uops with SPECIAL for global/local sizes
-                global_size=[M//BLOCK_SIZE_M, N//BLOCK_SIZE_N, 1], local_size=[32*compiled.metadata.num_warps, 1, 1],
+  global_size = [M//BLOCK_SIZE_M, N//BLOCK_SIZE_N, 1]
-                mem_estimate=A.nbytes() + B.nbytes() + C.nbytes())
+  local_size = [32*compiled.metadata.num_warps, 1, 1]
+  uops = [UOp(Ops.SPECIAL, arg=('g', i), src=(UOp.const(dtypes.int, global_size[i]),)) for i in range(3)]
+  uops += [UOp(Ops.SPECIAL, arg=('l', i), src=(UOp.const(dtypes.int, local_size[i]),)) for i in range(3)]
+  prg = UOp.new_program("matmul_kernel", src, Device.DEFAULT, si.ast, uops)
   ei = ExecItem(si.ast, [x.ensure_allocated() for x in si.bufs], si.metadata, prg=CompiledRunner(prg))
   tflops = []
   for i in range(5):

extra/remu/test/hwtest.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import numpy as np
 import unittest
 import subprocess, struct, math
-from tinygrad import Tensor, dtypes, Device, UOp
+from tinygrad import Tensor, dtypes, Device
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv
 from tinygrad.runtime.support.compiler_amd import amdgpu_disassemble
-from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner
 
 def get_output(asm:str, n_threads:int=1):
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ def get_output(asm:str, n_threads:int=1):
     *(data0_1+l) = res;
   }}"""
   t = Tensor.zeros(n_threads, dtype=dtypes.uint32).contiguous().realize()
-  prg = ProgramSpec("test", src, Device.DEFAULT, UOp.sink(t), global_size=[1, 1, 1], local_size=[n_threads, 1, 1])
+  # Create linearized uops with SPECIAL for local size
+  uops = [UOp(Ops.SPECIAL, arg=('l', 0), src=(UOp.const(dtypes.int, n_threads),))]
+  prg = UOp.new_program("test", src, Device.DEFAULT, UOp.sink(t.uop), uops)
   car = CompiledRunner(prg)
   if getenv("PRINT_ASM"): amdgpu_disassemble(car.lib)
   car([t.uop.buffer], {}, wait=True)

test/external/external_benchmark_op_conv.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # ruff: noqa: E501 E712 F401
-from dataclasses import replace
 from tinygrad import dtypes, Device
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, AxisType, Ops, KernelInfo
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt, OptOps # pylint: disable=unused-import
@@ -89,7 +88,9 @@ renderer = Device.default.renderer
 allocator = Device.default.allocator
 
 ps = get_program(ast, renderer)
-cr = CompiledRunner(replace(ps, device=Device.DEFAULT))
+# update device in PROGRAM UOp: (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE)
+ps = ps.replace(src=(ps.src[0], UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=Device.DEFAULT), *ps.src[2:]))
+cr = CompiledRunner(ps)
 
 gs = sorted(dedup([u for u in ast.toposort() if u.op is Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL]), key=lambda u: u.arg)
 # print(len(gs))

test/external/process_replay/process_replay.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ if not int(os.getenv("ASSERT_PROCESS_REPLAY", "1")): ASSERT_DIFF = 0
 
 try:
   from tinygrad.schedule.rangeify import get_rangeify_map
-  from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer, ProgramSpec
+  from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer
   from tinygrad.engine.realize import get_program
   from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops, KernelInfo
   from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt
@@ -51,15 +51,20 @@ def replay_get_rangeify_map(ret:dict[UOp, UOp], big_sink:UOp) -> tuple[str, str,
     return "\n".join([f"{len(asts)} kernels", *asts])
   return to_str(new_sink), to_str(big_sink.substitute(ret)), (big_sink,)
 
-def replay_get_program(p:ProgramSpec, ast:UOp, renderer:Renderer, opts:list[Opt]|None=None) -> tuple[str, str, tuple[Any, ...]]:
+def replay_get_program(p:UOp, ast:UOp, renderer:Renderer, opts:list[Opt]|None=None) -> tuple[str, str, tuple[Any, ...]]:
   # the ast.arg is non None if we are inside of search.py
-  sink_arg = ast.arg or KernelInfo(opts_to_apply=tuple(opts) if opts is not None else p.applied_opts if BEAM>=1 else None)
+  # p is a PROGRAM UOp: (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE)
-  input_ast = ast.replace(arg=replace(sink_arg, name=p.name))
+  p_name = p.src[0].arg.name
+  p_applied_opts = p.src[0].arg.applied_opts
+  sink_arg = ast.arg or KernelInfo(opts_to_apply=tuple(opts) if opts is not None else p_applied_opts if BEAM>=1 else None)
+  input_ast = ast.replace(arg=replace(sink_arg, name=p_name))
   p2 = get_program(input_ast, renderer=renderer)
-  def to_str(ret:ProgramSpec) -> str:
+  def to_str(ret:UOp) -> str:
     # PYTHON renderer pickles UOps, first unpickle and decode here
-    if p.device.startswith("PYTHON"): return "\n".join([str(x) for x in pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(ret.src))])
+    ret_src = ret.src[3].arg
-    return ret.src
+    ret_device = ret.device
+    if ret_device.startswith("PYTHON"): return "\n".join([str(x) for x in pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(ret_src))])
+    return ret_src
   # properly color the name arg
   ast_repr = codecs.decode(str(input_ast), "unicode_escape")
   return to_str(p2), to_str(p), (ast_repr, renderer)

test/helpers.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def eval_uop(uop:UOp, inputs:list[tuple[DType, list[Any]]]|None=None):
     allocator._copyin(buf, memoryview(struct.pack(str(len(data)) + (buf_dt.fmt or ""), *data)))
   g = UOp(Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL, uop.dtype.ptr(), arg=0, src=())
   prg = get_program(UOp.store(g.index(UOp.const(dtypes.int, 0)), uop).sink(), PythonRenderer())
-  prog = PythonProgram("run", PythonCompiler().compile(prg.src))
+  prog = PythonProgram("run", PythonCompiler().compile(prg.src[3].arg))  # source code is in src[3].arg
   prog(out_buf:=allocator.alloc(uop.dtype.itemsize), *bufs)
   return out_buf.cast(uop.dtype.fmt or "").tolist()[0]
 

test/opt/test_tensor_cores.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import numpy as np
 import unittest
-from dataclasses import replace
 
 from tinygrad import Device, Tensor, dtypes
 from tinygrad.tensor import _to_np_dtype
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, UOp
 from tinygrad.dtype import DType
 from tinygrad.device import is_dtype_supported
 from tinygrad.helpers import AMX, AMD_LLVM, CPU_LLVM, Context
@@ -44,7 +43,10 @@ def helper_tc_allclose(N:int, M:int, K:int, dtype_in:DType, dtype_out:DType, axi
   if dtype_in == dtypes.bfloat16: r = r.float()
   realized_ast, bufs = helper_realized_ast(r)
   opts = [Opt(op=OptOps.TC, axis=axis, arg=(tc_select, tc_opt, use_tensor_cores))]
-  prg = CompiledRunner(replace(get_program(realized_ast, Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=opts), device=Device.DEFAULT))
+  p = get_program(realized_ast, Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=opts)
+  # update device in PROGRAM UOp: (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE)
+  p = p.replace(src=(p.src[0], UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=Device.DEFAULT), *p.src[2:]))
+  prg = CompiledRunner(p)
   if use_tensor_cores == 1: assert len([uop for uop in prg.p.uops if uop.op is Ops.WMMA]) > 0, "wmma not triggered"
   assert len([x for x in prg.p.uops[-1].arg.applied_opts if x.op is OptOps.TC]) == 1, "tensor core opt not included"
   prg.exec(bufs)

test/test_fusion_op.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class TestFusionOp(unittest.TestCase):
     sched = a.schedule()
     sched[-1].lower()
     self.assertLess(time.perf_counter()-st, 2.0)
-    assert len(sched[-1].prg.p.src.splitlines()) < 250
+    assert len(sched[-1].prg.p.src[3].arg.splitlines()) < 250  # source code is in src[3].arg
 
   def test_recursive_add_cmp(self):
     st = time.perf_counter()

test/test_linearizer.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import numpy as np
 import unittest
-from dataclasses import replace
 
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt, OptOps
 from tinygrad.codegen.gpudims import get_grouped_dims
@@ -168,8 +167,8 @@ class TestLinearizer(unittest.TestCase):
   @unittest.skipUnless(Device.DEFAULT == "CPU", "test only for CPU")
   def test_upcast_with_locals_cpu(self):
     out = Tensor.ones(64,64).contiguous() @ Tensor.ones(64,64).contiguous()
-    prg = get_program(out.schedule()[-1].ast, opts=[Opt(OptOps.LOCAL, axis=0, arg=4)]).uops
+    prg = get_program(out.schedule()[-1].ast, opts=[Opt(OptOps.LOCAL, axis=0, arg=4)])
-    self.assertEqual(len(prg.src.split("for")), 5)
+    self.assertEqual(len(prg.src[3].arg.split("for")), 5)  # source code is in src[3].arg
 
   @unittest.skipUnless(Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer.has_local, "test requires locals")
   @unittest.skipUnless(Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer.has_shared, "test requires shared")
@@ -517,7 +516,11 @@ def _helper_linearizer_opt_ast(realized_ast:UOp, real_bufs:list[Buffer], opts=[]
   device = real_bufs[0].device
   wanna_output = [np.array(x).flatten() for x in wanna_output]
 
-  def get_prg(opts): return CompiledRunner(replace(get_program(realized_ast, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=opts), device=device))
+  def get_prg(opts):
+    prg = get_program(realized_ast, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=opts)
+    # update device in PROGRAM UOp: (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE)
+    prg = prg.replace(src=(prg.src[0], UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=device), *prg.src[2:]))
+    return CompiledRunner(prg)
 
   def check_opt(opts):
     prg = get_prg(opts=opts)

test/test_opts.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class TestOpts(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(s[-1].ast.arg.opts_to_apply, opts)
     if Device.DEFAULT in {"CPU", "CL", "METAL"} and not CPU_LLVM and not CPU_LVP:
       prg = get_program(s[-1].ast, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer)
-      self.assertIn('float4', prg.src)
+      self.assertIn('float4', prg.src[3].arg)  # source code is in src[3].arg
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   unittest.main()

test/test_renderer_failures.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
-from dataclasses import replace
 from tinygrad.device import Buffer, Device, is_dtype_supported
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes, ConstType
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner, get_program
@@ -18,8 +17,8 @@ def _test_uop_result(inputs:list[Tensor], prg, local_size=None):
   outbufs = [Buffer(Device.DEFAULT, sz:=(1 if local_size is None else prod(local_size)), (dtype:=u.src[1].dtype), \
       initial_value=np.zeros(sz, dtype=_to_np_dtype(dtype)).data) for u in uops if u.op is Ops.STORE]
   inbufs = [x.uop.base.buffer for x in inputs]
-  prg = replace(prg, device=Device.DEFAULT)
+  # update device in PROGRAM UOp: (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE)
-  if local_size is not None: prg = replace(prg, local_size=local_size)
+  prg = prg.replace(src=(prg.src[0], UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=Device.DEFAULT), *prg.src[2:]))
   ei = CompiledRunner(prg)
   ei.exec(outbufs+inbufs)
   return [np.frombuffer(x.as_buffer(), _to_np_dtype(x.dtype)) for x in outbufs]
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ class TestCStyleFailures(unittest.TestCase):
     schedule = ret.schedule()
     assert len(schedule) == 1
     schedule[0].lower()
-    src = schedule[0].prg.p.src
+    src = schedule[0].prg.p.src[3].arg  # source code is in src[3].arg
     self.assertEqual("("*5 not in src, should_strip_paren)
 
   def test_repeat_add(self): self._test_src_strip_paren(Ops.ADD)

test/test_uops.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from tinygrad.device import is_dtype_supported
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt, OptOps
 from tinygrad.renderer.ptx import PTXRenderer
 from test.helpers import get_uops
-from dataclasses import replace
 
 def to_uops_list(u:list[UOp], ren=None) -> list[UOp]:
   sink = UOp.group(*u)
@@ -27,7 +26,9 @@ def to_uops_list(u:list[UOp], ren=None) -> list[UOp]:
 
 def _uops_to_prg(uops_list):
   prg = get_program(UOp.sink(*uops_list), Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer)
-  return CompiledRunner(replace(prg, device=Device.DEFAULT))
+  # update device in PROGRAM UOp: (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE)
+  prg = prg.replace(src=(prg.src[0], UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=Device.DEFAULT), *prg.src[2:]))
+  return CompiledRunner(prg)
 
 def uop(uops:list[UOp], uop:Ops, dtype:Optional[DType], src:tuple[UOp, ...], arg:Any=None) -> UOp:
   uops.append(UOp(uop, dtype, tuple(src), arg))

test/test_uops_stats.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import unittest
 from tinygrad import Tensor
 from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, GlobalCounters, EMULATE
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import get_program
-from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
 from tinygrad.renderer import Estimates
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, UOp
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes
@@ -166,24 +165,26 @@ class TestStatsOptimized(unittest.TestCase):
     cls.ast_gemm = (Tensor.empty(N, N) @ Tensor.empty(N, N)).schedule()[-1].ast
     cls.ast_reduce = (Tensor.empty(N*N).sum()).schedule()[-1].ast
 
-  def check_gemm(self, p:ProgramSpec, extra_flops=0):
+  def check_gemm(self, p:UOp, extra_flops=0):
     #p.uops.print()
-    #print(p.src)
+    #print(p.src[3].arg)
-    print(p.name, p.estimates.ops, p.estimates.mem, p.estimates.lds)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.ops, 2*N*N*N + extra_flops)  # N**3 mulaccs
+    print(p.src[0].arg.name, estimates.ops, estimates.mem, estimates.lds)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.mem, 3*N*N*4) # 3 NxN mats with floats
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.ops, 2*N*N*N + extra_flops)  # N**3 mulaccs
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.mem, 3*N*N*4) # 3 NxN mats with floats
 
   def test_gemm(self):
     p = get_program(self.ast_gemm, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=[])
     self.check_gemm(p)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4 + 4*N*N)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4 + 4*N*N)
 
   def test_gemm_tc_unroll(self):
     try:
       p = get_program(self.ast_gemm, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=[Opt(OptOps.TC, 0, (-1, 0, 1)), Opt(OptOps.UNROLL, 0, 2)])
     except KernelOptError:
       raise unittest.SkipTest("no tensor cores")
-    print(p.src)
+    print(p.src[3].arg)
     self.check_gemm(p)
 
   # this is a good lesson about why UPCASTing is a good idea
@@ -191,13 +192,15 @@ class TestStatsOptimized(unittest.TestCase):
   def test_gemm_one_upcasted(self):
     p = get_program(self.ast_gemm, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=[Opt(OptOps.UPCAST, 0, 4)])
     self.check_gemm(p)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.lds, N*N*N*4 + N*N*N*4//4 + 4*N*N)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.lds, N*N*N*4 + N*N*N*4//4 + 4*N*N)
 
   def test_gemm_upcasted(self):
     p = get_program(self.ast_gemm, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer,
                     opts=[Opt(OptOps.UPCAST, 0, 4), Opt(OptOps.UPCAST, 1, 4), Opt(OptOps.UNROLL, 0, 4)])
     self.check_gemm(p)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4//4 + 4*N*N)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4//4 + 4*N*N)
 
   def test_gemm_upcasted_locals(self):
     try:
@@ -206,7 +209,8 @@ class TestStatsOptimized(unittest.TestCase):
     except KernelOptError:
       raise unittest.SkipTest("no locals")
     self.check_gemm(p)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4//4 + 4*N*N)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4//4 + 4*N*N)
 
   def test_gemm_group(self):
     try:
@@ -216,13 +220,15 @@ class TestStatsOptimized(unittest.TestCase):
     SZ = N*N*4
     # NOTE: these are sort of wrong. they aren't honoring the IF statement
     self.check_gemm(p, extra_flops=SZ*4)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4 + SZ*4 + (SZ*4 + 4*N*N)*4)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.lds, 2*N*N*N*4 + SZ*4 + (SZ*4 + 4*N*N)*4)
 
   def test_reduce(self):
     p = get_program(self.ast_reduce, renderer=Device[Device.DEFAULT].renderer, opts=[])
-    print(p.name, p.estimates.ops, p.estimates.mem, p.estimates.lds)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.ops, N*N)
+    print(p.src[0].arg.name, estimates.ops, estimates.mem, estimates.lds)
-    self.assertEqual(p.estimates.mem, N*N*4 + 4)
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.ops, N*N)
+    self.assertEqual(estimates.mem, N*N*4 + 4)
 
   def test_reduce_group(self):
     try:
@@ -230,7 +236,8 @@ class TestStatsOptimized(unittest.TestCase):
     except KernelOptError:
       raise unittest.SkipTest("no locals")
     # NOTE: these are wrong, they don't respect the if statement
-    print(p.name, p.estimates.ops, p.estimates.mem, p.estimates.lds)
+    estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
+    print(p.src[0].arg.name, estimates.ops, estimates.mem, estimates.lds)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   unittest.main(verbosity=2)

test/testextra/test_cfg_viz.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import textwrap
 
 from tinygrad import Device, Tensor
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Ops, track_rewrites
-from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
 from tinygrad.helpers import TracingKey
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import ExecItem, CompiledRunner
 
@@ -51,9 +50,9 @@ amdhsa.kernels:
 .end_amdgpu_metadata
 """
 
-@track_rewrites(name=lambda *args,ret,**kwargs: TracingKey(ret.name, ret=ret))
+@track_rewrites(name=lambda *args,ret,**kwargs: TracingKey(ret.src[0].arg.name, ret=ret))
-def run_asm(name:str, src:str) -> ProgramSpec:
+def run_asm(name:str, src:str) -> UOp:
-  prg = ProgramSpec(name, template.replace("fn_name", name).replace("INSTRUCTION", textwrap.dedent(src)), Device.DEFAULT, UOp(Ops.SINK))
+  prg = UOp.new_program(name, template.replace("fn_name", name).replace("INSTRUCTION", textwrap.dedent(src)), Device.DEFAULT, UOp(Ops.SINK), [])
   ei = ExecItem(UOp(Ops.SINK), [Tensor.empty(1).uop.buffer.ensure_allocated()], prg=CompiledRunner(prg))
   ei.run()
   return prg

tinygrad/codegen/__init__.py

@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@ def do_render(ctx:Renderer, prg:UOp, lin:UOp) -> UOp:
   return prg.replace(src=prg.src + (UOp(Ops.SOURCE, arg=src),))
 
 pm_to_program = PatternMatcher([
-  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK, name="sink"),), name="prg"), do_linearize),
+  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK, name="sink"), UPat(Ops.DEVICE)), name="prg"), do_linearize),
-  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, src=(UPat(), UPat(Ops.LINEAR, name="lin")), name="prg"), do_render),
+  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, src=(UPat(), UPat(Ops.DEVICE), UPat(Ops.LINEAR, name="lin")), name="prg"), do_render),
 ])
 
 def full_rewrite_to_program(sink:UOp, ren:Renderer) -> UOp:
   full_sink = full_rewrite_to_sink(sink, ren, optimize=sink.tag is None)
-  sink = UOp(Ops.PROGRAM, src=(full_sink,))
+  sink = UOp(Ops.PROGRAM, src=(full_sink, UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=ren.device)))
   return graph_rewrite(sink, pm_to_program, ctx=ren, name="linearize/render")

tinygrad/codegen/opt/search.py

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 import functools, math, time, multiprocessing, traceback, signal, atexit
-from dataclasses import replace
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import sym_infer, AxisType, pyrender, UOp
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import sym_infer, AxisType, pyrender
 from tinygrad.device import Device, Buffer, Compiler
 from tinygrad.helpers import prod, flatten, DEBUG, CACHELEVEL, diskcache_get, diskcache_put, getenv, Context, colored, time_to_str, unwrap
 from tinygrad.helpers import IGNORE_BEAM_CACHE
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt, OptOps, KernelOptError
 from tinygrad.tensor import Tensor
-from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner, get_program
+from tinygrad.engine.realize import CompiledRunner, get_program, Estimates
-from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt.postrange import Scheduler
 
 actions = [Opt(op=OptOps.UPCAST, axis=axis, arg=amt) for amt in [0,2,3,4,5,7] for axis in range(8)]
@@ -34,19 +32,22 @@ def get_test_global_size(global_size, max_global_size, var_vals):
         break
   return test_global_size, input_size / prod(test_global_size)
 
-def _time_program(p:ProgramSpec, lib:bytes, var_vals:dict[str, int], rawbufs:list[Buffer], early_stop:float|None=None,
+def _time_program(p:UOp, lib:bytes, var_vals:dict[str, int], rawbufs:list[Buffer], early_stop:float|None=None,
                   allow_test_size:int=True, max_global_size:int|None=65536, clear_l2=False, cnt=3, name="test") -> list[float]:
   factor = 1
-  if allow_test_size and p.global_size is not None and max_global_size is not None:
+  global_size, local_size = p.sizes
-    global_size, factor = get_test_global_size(p.global_size, max_global_size, var_vals)
+  if allow_test_size and global_size is not None and max_global_size is not None:
-    p = replace(p, global_size=global_size)
+    test_global_size, factor = get_test_global_size(global_size, max_global_size, var_vals)
+    # NOTE: we can't modify p.sizes directly, but optimize_local_size doesn't run in BEAM so this is ok
   try: car = CompiledRunner(p, precompiled=lib)
   except AssertionError: return [math.inf] * cnt
   tms = []
   input_bufs = [rawbufs[i] for i in car.p.globals]
   for _ in range(cnt):
     if clear_l2:
-      if hasattr(dev:=Device[p.device], 'invalidate_caches'): dev.invalidate_caches()
+      p_device = p.device
+      assert isinstance(p_device, str), f"PROGRAM device must be a string, not {type(p_device)}"
+      if hasattr(dev:=Device[p_device], 'invalidate_caches'): dev.invalidate_caches()
       else:
         with Context(DEBUG=0, BEAM=0, CAPTURING=0, TRACK_MATCH_STATS=0): Tensor.ones(1024,1024).contiguous().realize(do_update_stats=False)
     tms.append(unwrap(car(input_bufs, var_vals, wait=True))*factor)
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ def timeout_handler(signum, frame):
   if DEBUG >= 2: print("*** BEAM COMPILE TIMEOUT")
   raise TimeoutException()
 
-def _try_compile(x:tuple[int,Scheduler], compiler:Compiler) -> tuple[int, tuple[ProgramSpec, bytes, float]|None]:
+def _try_compile(x:tuple[int,Scheduler], compiler:Compiler) -> tuple[int, tuple[UOp, bytes, float]|None]:
   if hasattr(signal, "alarm"):
     signal.signal(getattr(signal, 'SIGALRM'), timeout_handler)
     # set timeout
@@ -66,12 +67,12 @@ def _try_compile(x:tuple[int,Scheduler], compiler:Compiler) -> tuple[int, tuple[
   ret = None
   try:
     p = get_program(x[1].copy().get_optimized_ast(name_override="test"), x[1].ren)
-    assert p.uops is not None, "uop list wasn't generated?"
+    uops = list(p.src[2].src)  # LINEAR is src[2]
-    if len(p.uops) >= (uops_max:=getenv("BEAM_UOPS_MAX", 3000)) > 0:
+    if len(uops) >= (uops_max:=getenv("BEAM_UOPS_MAX", 3000)) > 0:
-      if getenv("BEAM_LOG_SURPASS_MAX"): print(f"too many uops. {len(p.uops)=}, {uops_max=}")
+      if getenv("BEAM_LOG_SURPASS_MAX"): print(f"too many uops. {len(uops)=}, {uops_max=}")
       raise RuntimeError("too many uops")
     st = time.perf_counter()
-    prog = compiler.compile(p.src)
+    prog = compiler.compile(p.src[3].arg)  # SOURCE is src[3]
     et = time.perf_counter() - st
     ret = (p, prog, et)
   except RuntimeError:
@@ -154,7 +155,8 @@ def beam_search(s:Scheduler, rawbufs:list[Buffer], amt:int, allow_test_size=True
         p, lib, compile_et = proc
         if lib in seen_libs: continue
         # filter out kernels that use 1000x more compute than the smallest
-        least_compute_ops = min(this_compute_ops:=sym_infer(p.estimates.ops, var_vals), least_compute_ops)
+        estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
+        least_compute_ops = min(this_compute_ops:=sym_infer(estimates.ops, var_vals), least_compute_ops)
         if least_compute_ops*1000 < this_compute_ops:
           if getenv("BEAM_LOG_SURPASS_MAX"): print(f"too much compute. {this_compute_ops} when least is {least_compute_ops}")
           continue
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ def beam_search(s:Scheduler, rawbufs:list[Buffer], amt:int, allow_test_size=True
           raise
         timed.append((candidates[i], min(tms)))
         if BEAM_DEBUG > 1:
-          print(f"{time.perf_counter() - st:7.2f}s: {i:5d} {len(unwrap(p.uops)):5d} uops",
+          print(f"{time.perf_counter() - st:7.2f}s: {i:5d} {len(p.src[2].src):5d} uops",
                 f"{time_to_str(compile_et, w=12)} compile/{time_to_str(timed[-1][1], w=12)} run",
                 f"      {len(timed):4d}/{len(candidates):4d}         {timed[-1][0].colored_shape()}")
         elif DEBUG >= 2:

tinygrad/engine/jit.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from tinygrad.tensor import Tensor
 from tinygrad.helpers import flatten, merge_dicts, DEBUG, Context, BEAM, getenv, colored, JIT, JIT_BATCH_SIZE, dedup, partition, unwrap
 from tinygrad.device import Buffer, Compiled, Device, MultiBuffer
 from tinygrad.dtype import DType
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Variable, sym_infer, Ops
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import UOp, Variable, sym_infer, Ops, sint
 from tinygrad.engine.realize import ExecItem, capturing, ViewOp, BufferCopy, BufferXfer, EncDec, CompiledRunner, Runner, Estimates
 from tinygrad.engine.memory import _internal_memory_planner
 from tinygrad.nn.state import get_parameters
@@ -78,13 +78,18 @@ class GraphRunner(Runner):
     self.input_replace:dict[tuple[int, int], int] = get_input_replace(jit_cache, input_rawbuffers)
     self.var_vals_replace:dict[int, list[tuple[int, int]]] = {}
     self.launch_dims_replace:dict[int, tuple[int|None, int|None]] = {}
-    self.launch_dims_base:dict[int, tuple[tuple[int, ...], tuple[int, ...]]] = {}
+    self.launch_dims_base:dict[int, tuple[tuple[sint, ...], tuple[sint, ...]]] = {}
 
-    def is_sym_dim(dim) -> bool: return not all(isinstance(d, (int, float)) for d in dim)
+    def is_sym_dim(dim) -> bool: return dim is not None and not all(isinstance(d, (int, float)) for d in dim)
 
     self.vars = sorted(var_vals.keys())
-    self.symbolic_dims = dedup([tuple(d) for ji in jit_cache if isinstance(ji.prg, CompiledRunner) and (d:=ji.prg.p.local_size) and is_sym_dim(d)] +
+    sym_dims: list[tuple[sint, ...]] = []
-                               [tuple(d) for ji in jit_cache if isinstance(ji.prg, CompiledRunner) and (d:=ji.prg.p.global_size) and is_sym_dim(d)])
+    for ji in jit_cache:
+      if isinstance(ji.prg, CompiledRunner):
+        global_size, local_size = ji.prg.p.sizes
+        if local_size is not None and is_sym_dim(local_size): sym_dims.append(tuple(local_size))
+        if global_size is not None and is_sym_dim(global_size): sym_dims.append(tuple(global_size))
+    self.symbolic_dims = dedup(sym_dims)
     def find_symbolic_dim(dim): return self.symbolic_dims.index(tuple(dim)) if dim is not None and tuple(dim) in self.symbolic_dims else None
 
     estimates = Estimates()
@@ -92,13 +97,15 @@ class GraphRunner(Runner):
       assert ji.prg is not None
       estimates += ji.prg.estimates
       if isinstance(ji.prg, CompiledRunner):
-        if ji.prg.p.vars: self.var_vals_replace[j] = [(i, self.vars.index(v.expr)) for i, v in enumerate(ji.prg.p.vars) if v.expr not in ji.fixedvars]
+        prg_vars = ji.prg.p.variables()
+        if prg_vars: self.var_vals_replace[j] = [(i, self.vars.index(v.expr)) for i, v in enumerate(prg_vars) if v.expr not in ji.fixedvars]
 
-        global_dim_idx, local_dim_idx = find_symbolic_dim(ji.prg.p.global_size), find_symbolic_dim(ji.prg.p.local_size)
+        global_size, local_size = ji.prg.p.sizes
+        global_dim_idx, local_dim_idx = find_symbolic_dim(global_size), find_symbolic_dim(local_size)
         if global_dim_idx is not None or local_dim_idx is not None:
           self.launch_dims_replace[j] = (global_dim_idx, local_dim_idx)
-          assert ji.prg.p.global_size is not None and ji.prg.p.local_size is not None
+          assert global_size is not None and local_size is not None
-          self.launch_dims_base[j] = (tuple(ji.prg.p.global_size), tuple(ji.prg.p.local_size))
+          self.launch_dims_base[j] = (tuple(global_size), tuple(local_size))
 
     # used in MultiGraphRunner. the ints are id() of _bufs
     self.w_dependency_map: dict[int, Any] = {}

tinygrad/engine/realize.py

@@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
 from typing import cast, Callable
 import time, pprint, random, itertools, math
-from dataclasses import dataclass, replace, field
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from tinygrad.helpers import all_same, colored, DEBUG, GlobalCounters, ansilen, BEAM, NOOPT, all_int, CAPTURING, Metadata, TRACEMETA, TracingKey
 from tinygrad.helpers import DEVECTORIZE, time_to_str, VALIDATE_WITH_CPU, getenv, cpu_profile, PROFILE, ProfilePointEvent, cpu_events, prod, Context
-from tinygrad.helpers import unwrap
+from tinygrad.helpers import unwrap, to_function_name
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, PatternMatcher, UOp, UPat, sym_infer, graph_rewrite, print_uops, track_rewrites, KernelInfo, pyrender
 from tinygrad.device import Device, Buffer
-from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer, ProgramSpec, Estimates
+from tinygrad.renderer import Renderer, Estimates
 from tinygrad.codegen import full_rewrite_to_program
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt
 
 # **************** Program Creation ****************
 
-@track_rewrites(name=lambda *args,ret,**kwargs: TracingKey(ret.name, (ret.function_name, ret.ast), ret=ret), replay=True)
+@track_rewrites(name=lambda *args,ret,**kwargs: TracingKey(ret.src[0].arg.name, (to_function_name(ret.src[0].arg.name), ret.src[0]), ret=ret),
-def get_program(ast:UOp, renderer:Renderer, opts:list[Opt]|None=None) -> ProgramSpec:
+                replay=True)
+def get_program(ast:UOp, renderer:Renderer, opts:list[Opt]|None=None) -> UOp:
   """
-  Transform an AST into a ProgramSpec. May trigger BEAM search.
+  Transform an AST into a PROGRAM UOp. May trigger BEAM search.
 
   Args:
     ast: The Ops.SINK rooted AST
     renderer: The renderer used to generate the code
 
   Returns:
-    The ProgramSpec of the program.
+    The PROGRAM UOp with structure (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE).
   """
 
   if getenv("VIZ"): graph_rewrite(ast, PatternMatcher([]), name="View Base AST")
@@ -35,15 +36,11 @@ def get_program(ast:UOp, renderer:Renderer, opts:list[Opt]|None=None) -> Program
   if ast.arg is None: ast = ast.replace(arg=KernelInfo())
 
   prg = full_rewrite_to_program(ast, renderer)
-  # SINK/LINEAR/SOURCE
-  sink, linear, source = prg.src
 
   # print
-  if DEBUG >= 6: print_uops(list(linear.src))
+  if DEBUG >= 6: print_uops(list(prg.src[2].src))  # LINEAR is src[2]
 
-  return ProgramSpec(sink.arg.name, source.arg, renderer.device, sink, list(linear.src),
+  return prg
-                     global_size=[1,1,1] if renderer.has_local or renderer.has_threads else None,
-                     local_size=[1,1,1] if renderer.has_local else None)
 
 # **************** Runners ****************
 
@@ -72,28 +69,36 @@ def optimize_local_size(_prg:Callable, global_size:list[int], rawbufs:list[Buffe
   return ret[1]
 
 class CompiledRunner(Runner):
-  def __init__(self, p:ProgramSpec, precompiled:bytes|None=None, prg=None):
+  def __init__(self, p:UOp, precompiled:bytes|None=None, prg=None):
-    if DEBUG >= 3: print(p.applied_opts)
+    assert p.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"CompiledRunner requires PROGRAM UOp, not {p.op}"
-    if DEBUG >= 4: print(p.src)
+    self.p:UOp = p
-    self.p:ProgramSpec = p
+    dev = p.device
+    assert isinstance(dev, str), f"PROGRAM device must be a string, not {type(dev)}"
+    name = p.src[0].arg.name
+    src = p.src[3].arg
+    function_name = to_function_name(name)
+    if DEBUG >= 3: print(p.src[0].arg.applied_opts)
+    if DEBUG >= 4: print(src)
     if precompiled is not None: self.lib = precompiled
     else:
-      with cpu_profile(TracingKey(f"compile {p.name}", (p.function_name,)), "TINY"):
+      with cpu_profile(TracingKey(f"compile {name}", (function_name,)), "TINY"):
-        self.lib = Device[p.device].compiler.compile_cached(p.src)
+        self.lib = Device[dev].compiler.compile_cached(src)
-    if DEBUG >= 7: Device[p.device].compiler.disassemble(self.lib)
+    if DEBUG >= 7: Device[dev].compiler.disassemble(self.lib)
-    self._prg = Device[p.device].runtime(p.function_name, self.lib) if prg is None else prg
+    self._prg = Device[dev].runtime(function_name, self.lib) if prg is None else prg
-    super().__init__(p.name, p.device, p.estimates)
+    super().__init__(name, dev, Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True))
 
   def __reduce__(self): return self.__class__, (self.p, self.lib)
 
   def __call__(self, rawbufs:list[Buffer], var_vals:dict[str, int]|None=None, wait=False) -> float|None:
     if var_vals is None: var_vals = {}
-    has_local = Device[self.p.device].renderer.has_local
+    dev = self.p.device
+    assert isinstance(dev, str), f"PROGRAM device must be a string, not {type(dev)}"
+    has_local = Device[dev].renderer.has_local
     global_size, local_size = self.p.launch_dims(var_vals)
-    if has_local and global_size is not None and local_size is None and all_int(self.p.global_size): # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    sym_global_size, sym_local_size = self.p.sizes
+    if has_local and global_size is not None and local_size is None and sym_global_size is not None and all_int(sym_global_size):
       local_size = optimize_local_size(self._prg, global_size, rawbufs)
-      global_size = [g//l if g%l == 0 else g/l for g,l in zip(global_size, local_size)]
+      global_size = [g//l if g%l == 0 else int(g/l) for g,l in zip(global_size, local_size)]
-      self.p = replace(self.p, global_size=global_size, local_size=local_size)
     lra = {}
     if global_size:
       lra['global_size'] = tuple(global_size)
@@ -101,7 +106,7 @@ class CompiledRunner(Runner):
     if local_size:
       lra['local_size'] = tuple(local_size)
       assert len(local_size) == 3, "local size must have len 3"
-    return self._prg(*[x._buf for x in rawbufs], **lra, vals=tuple(var_vals[k.expr] for k in self.p.vars), wait=wait)
+    return self._prg(*[x._buf for x in rawbufs], **lra, vals=tuple(var_vals[k.expr] for k in self.p.variables()), wait=wait)
 
 class ViewOp(Runner):
   def __init__(self, buf:Buffer): super().__init__(colored(f"view {buf.nbytes:8d} @ {buf.offset:<10d}", "yellow"), buf.device)
@@ -158,10 +163,14 @@ def get_runner(device:str, ast:UOp) -> CompiledRunner:
   if cret:=method_cache.get(ckey): return cret
   bkey = (device.split(":")[0], type(Device[device].compiler), ast.key, context, True)
   if bret:=method_cache.get(bkey):
-    method_cache[ckey] = ret = CompiledRunner(replace(bret.p, device=device), bret.lib)
+    # update device in PROGRAM UOp
+    new_p = bret.p.replace(src=(bret.p.src[0], UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=device), *bret.p.src[2:]))
+    method_cache[ckey] = ret = CompiledRunner(new_p, bret.lib)
   else:
-    prg: ProgramSpec = get_program(ast, Device[device].renderer)
+    prg = get_program(ast, Device[device].renderer)
-    method_cache[ckey] = method_cache[bkey] = ret = CompiledRunner(replace(prg, device=device))
+    # update device in PROGRAM UOp to match the actual device
+    prg = prg.replace(src=(prg.src[0], UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=device), *prg.src[2:]))
+    method_cache[ckey] = method_cache[bkey] = ret = CompiledRunner(prg)
   return ret
 
 # **************** lowering functions ****************

tinygrad/renderer/__init__.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Callable, cast
-import functools
+from dataclasses import dataclass
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from tinygrad.helpers import prod
-from tinygrad.helpers import to_function_name, dedup, prod
+from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, UOp, sint, ssimplify, GroupOp, PatternMatcher
-from tinygrad.uop.ops import Ops, UOp, sym_infer, sint, Variable, ssimplify, GroupOp, PatternMatcher
 from tinygrad.dtype import AddrSpace, PtrDType
 from tinygrad.codegen.opt.tc import TensorCore
-from tinygrad.codegen.opt import Opt
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class Estimates:
@@ -57,62 +55,6 @@ class Estimates:
       elif u.op is Ops.WMMA and u not in dont_count: flops += 2 * prod(u.arg[1]) // u.arg[5] * mults
     return Estimates(flops, lds, sum(mem.values()))
 
-@dataclass
-class ProgramSpec:
-  name:str
-  src:str
-  device:str
-  ast:UOp  # save the base ast (this is method cache key)
-  uops:list[UOp]|None=None
-
-  # filled in from uops (if we have uops)
-  global_size:list[int]|None=None
-  local_size:list[int]|None=None
-  vars:list[Variable]=field(default_factory=list)
-  globals:list[int]=field(default_factory=list)
-  outs:list[int]=field(default_factory=list)
-  ins:list[int]=field(default_factory=list)
-  _ran_post_init:bool=False  # NOTE: this is needed if you call replace on the Program
-
-  def __post_init__(self):
-    if not self._ran_post_init and self.uops is not None:
-      # single pass through the uops
-      for u in self.uops:
-        if u.op is Ops.DEFINE_VAR: self.vars.append(u)
-        if u.op is Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL: self.globals.append(u.arg)
-        if u.op in (Ops.STORE, Ops.LOAD):
-          if (idx:=u.src[0]).op is Ops.INDEX or (u.src[0].op is Ops.CAST and (idx:=u.src[0].src[0]).op is Ops.INDEX):
-            if (buf:=idx.src[0]).op is Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL: (self.outs if u.op is Ops.STORE else self.ins).append(buf.arg)
-          # TODO: can else happen?
-        if u.op is Ops.SPECIAL:
-          # NOTE: you have to set local_size and global_size to the base [1,1,1] outside this
-          if u.arg[0] == 'i': self.local_size = None
-          special_size = self.local_size if u.arg[0] == 'l' else self.global_size
-          # TODO: this cast is wrong, u.src[0].ssimplify() can be sint
-          if special_size is not None: special_size[int(u.arg[-1])] = cast(int, u.src[0].ssimplify())
-      self.vars = sorted(self.vars, key=lambda v: v.arg)
-      self.outs = sorted(dedup(self.outs))
-      self.ins = sorted(dedup(self.ins))
-      self._ran_post_init = True
-
-  @functools.cached_property
-  def estimates(self) -> Estimates:
-    return Estimates() if self.uops is None else Estimates.from_uops(self.uops, ignore_indexing=True)
-
-  @functools.cached_property
-  def function_name(self) -> str: return to_function_name(self.name)
-
-  @property
-  def applied_opts(self) -> tuple[Opt, ...]|None:
-    if self.uops is None: return None
-    assert self.uops[-1].op is Ops.SINK, self.uops[-1].op
-    return self.uops[-1].arg.applied_opts
-
-  def launch_dims(self, var_vals:dict[str, int]):
-    global_size = [sym_infer(sz, var_vals) for sz in self.global_size] if self.global_size is not None else None
-    local_size = [sym_infer(sz, var_vals) for sz in self.local_size] if self.local_size is not None else None
-    return global_size, local_size
-
 class Renderer:
   device: str = ""
   suffix: str = ""

tinygrad/runtime/graph/cuda.py

@@ -22,12 +22,14 @@ class CUDAGraph(MultiGraphRunner):
     for j,ji in enumerate(jit_cache):
       if isinstance(ji.prg, CompiledRunner):
         global_size, local_size = ji.prg.p.launch_dims(var_vals)
+        assert global_size is not None and local_size is not None
 
         new_node = cuda.CUgraphNode()
         deps = self._access_resources([x.base for x in ji.bufs if x is not None], ji.prg.p.outs, new_dependency=new_node)
         c_deps = (cuda.CUgraphNode*len(deps))(*deps) if deps else None
 
-        c_args, vargs = encode_args([cast(Buffer, x)._buf for x in ji.bufs], [var_vals.get(x.expr, ji.fixedvars.get(x.expr)) for x in ji.prg.p.vars])
+        prg_vars = ji.prg.p.variables()
+        c_args, vargs = encode_args([cast(Buffer, x)._buf for x in ji.bufs], [var_vals.get(x.expr, ji.fixedvars.get(x.expr)) for x in prg_vars])
         kern_params = cuda.CUDA_KERNEL_NODE_PARAMS_v1(ji.prg._prg.prg, *global_size, *local_size, 0, None, vargs)
         check(cuda.cuGraphAddKernelNode(ctypes.byref(new_node), self.graph, c_deps, len(deps), ctypes.byref(kern_params)))
 

tinygrad/runtime/graph/hcq.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class HCQGraph(MultiGraphRunner):
       if not isinstance(ji.prg, CompiledRunner): continue
 
       argsbuf = self.kernargs_bufs[ji.prg.dev].offset(kargs_alloc[ji.prg.dev].alloc(ji.prg._prg.kernargs_alloc_size, 16))
-      self.ji_args[j] = ji.prg._prg.fill_kernargs(self.hcq_bufs[j], ji.prg.p.vars, argsbuf)
+      self.ji_args[j] = ji.prg._prg.fill_kernargs(self.hcq_bufs[j], ji.prg.p.prog_vars(), argsbuf)
 
     # Schedule Dependencies.
     # There are two types of queues on each device: copy and compute. Both must synchronize with all external operations before launching any
@@ -159,7 +159,8 @@ class HCQGraph(MultiGraphRunner):
 
       # Encode main commands based on ji type.
       if isinstance(ji.prg, CompiledRunner):
-        enqueue_queue.exec(ji.prg._prg, self.ji_args[j], tuple(ji.prg.p.global_size or (1,1,1)), tuple(ji.prg.p.local_size or (1,1,1)))
+        global_size, local_size = ji.prg.p.sizes
+        enqueue_queue.exec(ji.prg._prg, self.ji_args[j], tuple(global_size or (1,1,1)), tuple(local_size or (1,1,1)))
       elif isinstance(ji.prg, (BufferXfer, BufferCopy)):
         dest, src = [cast(Buffer, x) for x in ji.bufs[0:2]]
         for bufid, src in enumerate(cast(list[Buffer], ji.bufs)):

tinygrad/runtime/graph/metal.py

@@ -42,9 +42,11 @@ class MetalGraph(GraphRunner):
         if b is not None and b not in input_rawbuffers:
           icb_command.setKernelBuffer_offset_atIndex(b._buf.buf, b._buf.offset, i)
           all_resources.append(b._buf.buf)
-      for i,v in enumerate(prg.p.vars): icb_command.setKernelBuffer_offset_atIndex(self.int_buf.buf, self.varlist.index(v.expr)*4, len(ji.bufs)+i)
+      for i,v in enumerate(prg.p.variables()):
+        icb_command.setKernelBuffer_offset_atIndex(self.int_buf.buf, self.varlist.index(v.expr)*4, len(ji.bufs)+i)
 
       global_size, local_size = prg.p.launch_dims(var_vals)
+      assert global_size is not None and local_size is not None
       icb_command.concurrentDispatchThreadgroups_threadsPerThreadgroup(metal.MTLSize(*global_size), metal.MTLSize(*local_size))
       icb_command.setBarrier()
 

tinygrad/uop/ops.py

@@ -609,11 +609,17 @@ class UOp(OpMixin, metaclass=UOpMetaClass):
   @staticmethod
   def new_buffer(device:str|tuple[str, ...], size:int, dtype:DType, num=None):
     return UOp(Ops.BUFFER, dtype, (UOp.unique(num), UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=device)), size)
+  @staticmethod
+  def new_program(name:str, src:str, device:str, ast:UOp, uops:list[UOp]):
+    """Create a PROGRAM UOp from raw components."""
+    sink = ast.replace(arg=KernelInfo(name=name)) if ast.arg is None else ast.replace(arg=ast.arg.replace(name=name))
+    return UOp(Ops.PROGRAM, src=(sink, UOp(Ops.DEVICE, arg=device), UOp(Ops.LINEAR, src=tuple(uops)), UOp(Ops.SOURCE, arg=src)))
   @property
   def device(self) -> str|tuple[str, ...]: return unwrap(self._device)
   @recursive_property
   def _device(self) -> str|tuple[str, ...]|None:
     if self.op is Ops.DEVICE: return self.arg
+    if self.op is Ops.PROGRAM: return self.src[1].arg  # PROGRAM src[1] is DEVICE
     if self.op is Ops.BUFFERIZE: return self.arg.device
     if self.op is Ops.AFTER: return self.src[0]._device
     if self.op is Ops.MSELECT:
@@ -624,6 +630,104 @@ class UOp(OpMixin, metaclass=UOpMetaClass):
     for x in self.src:
       if x._device is not None: return x._device
     return None
+
+  # *** PROGRAM UOp properties ***
+
+  @property
+  def uops(self) -> list[UOp]:
+    """Linearized uops list. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"uops only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    return list(self.src[2].src)
+
+  @property
+  def name(self) -> str:
+    """Kernel name. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"name only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    return self.src[0].arg.name
+
+  @property
+  def applied_opts(self):
+    """Applied optimizations. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"applied_opts only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    return self.src[0].arg.applied_opts
+
+  @functools.cached_property
+  def estimates(self):
+    """Estimates for this program. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"estimates only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    from tinygrad.renderer import Estimates
+    return Estimates.from_uops(self.uops, ignore_indexing=True)
+
+  @property
+  def globals(self) -> list[int]:
+    """DEFINE_GLOBAL arg indices from linearized uops. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"globals only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    return [u.arg for u in self.src[2].src if u.op is Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL]
+
+  @property
+  def outs(self) -> list[int]:
+    """Buffer indices written to (STORE). Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"outs only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    ret = []
+    for u in self.src[2].src:
+      if u.op is Ops.STORE:
+        idx = u.src[0]
+        if idx.op is Ops.CAST: idx = idx.src[0]
+        if idx.op is Ops.INDEX and idx.src[0].op is Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL: ret.append(idx.src[0].arg)
+    return sorted(set(ret))
+
+  @property
+  def ins(self) -> list[int]:
+    """Buffer indices read from (LOAD). Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"ins only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    ret = []
+    for u in self.src[2].src:
+      if u.op is Ops.LOAD:
+        idx = u.src[0]
+        if idx.op is Ops.CAST: idx = idx.src[0]
+        if idx.op is Ops.INDEX and idx.src[0].op is Ops.DEFINE_GLOBAL: ret.append(idx.src[0].arg)
+    return sorted(set(ret))
+
+  @functools.cached_property
+  def sizes(self) -> tuple[list[sint]|None, list[sint]|None]:
+    """Get (global_size, local_size) which may contain symbolic values. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"sizes only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    from tinygrad.device import Device
+    dev = self.device
+    assert isinstance(dev, str), f"PROGRAM device must be a string, not {type(dev)}"
+    ren = Device[dev].renderer
+    global_size:list[sint]|None = [1,1,1] if ren.has_local or ren.has_threads else None
+    local_size:list[sint]|None = [1,1,1] if ren.has_local else None
+    for u in self.src[2].src:
+      if u.op is Ops.SPECIAL:
+        if u.arg[0] == 'i': local_size = None
+        special_size = local_size if u.arg[0] == 'l' else global_size
+        if special_size is not None: special_size[int(u.arg[-1])] = cast(sint, u.src[0].ssimplify())
+    return global_size, local_size
+
+  def launch_dims(self, var_vals:dict[str, int]) -> tuple[list[int]|None, list[int]|None]:
+    """Resolve global/local sizes to concrete ints. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    global_size, local_size = self.sizes
+    global_ret = [sym_infer(sz, var_vals) for sz in global_size] if global_size is not None else None
+    local_ret = [sym_infer(sz, var_vals) for sz in local_size] if local_size is not None else None
+    return global_ret, local_ret
+
+  @property
+  def global_size(self) -> list[sint]|None:
+    """Global size (may be symbolic). Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    return self.sizes[0]
+
+  @property
+  def local_size(self) -> list[sint]|None:
+    """Local size (may be symbolic). Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    return self.sizes[1]
+
+  def prog_vars(self) -> list:
+    """Variables list for this program. Only valid for PROGRAM."""
+    assert self.op is Ops.PROGRAM, f"prog_vars only valid for PROGRAM, not {self.op}"
+    # Get variables from the linearized uops
+    linear_uops = self.src[2]
+    return linear_uops.variables()
   @property
   def buf_uop(self) -> UOp:
     if self.op is Ops.BUFFER: return self

tinygrad/uop/spec.py

@@ -249,10 +249,10 @@ full_spec = PatternMatcher([
   # in progress MSTACK may lose device
   (UPat((Ops.MSELECT, Ops.MSTACK), name="x"), lambda x: True),
 
-  # codegen: PROGRAM with progressive sources through the pipeline
+  # codegen: PROGRAM with progressive sources through the pipeline (SINK, DEVICE, LINEAR, SOURCE)
-  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, dtypes.void, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK),)), lambda: True),
+  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, dtypes.void, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK), UPat(Ops.DEVICE))), lambda: True),
-  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, dtypes.void, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK), UPat(Ops.LINEAR))), lambda: True),
+  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, dtypes.void, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK), UPat(Ops.DEVICE), UPat(Ops.LINEAR))), lambda: True),
-  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, dtypes.void, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK), UPat(Ops.LINEAR), UPat(Ops.SOURCE))), lambda: True),
+  (UPat(Ops.PROGRAM, dtypes.void, src=(UPat(Ops.SINK), UPat(Ops.DEVICE), UPat(Ops.LINEAR), UPat(Ops.SOURCE))), lambda: True),
   # codegen: standalone LINEAR/SOURCE
   (UPat(Ops.LINEAR, dtypes.void), lambda: True),
   (UPat(Ops.SOURCE, dtypes.void, src=()), lambda: True),

tinygrad/viz/serve.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from tinygrad.helpers import printable, TCPServerWithReuse, HTTPRequestHandler
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import TrackedGraphRewrite, RewriteTrace, UOp, Ops, GroupOp, srender, sint, sym_infer, range_str, pyrender
 from tinygrad.uop.ops import print_uops, range_start, multirange_str
 from tinygrad.device import ProfileDeviceEvent, ProfileGraphEvent, ProfileGraphEntry, Device, ProfileProgramEvent
-from tinygrad.renderer import ProgramSpec
+from tinygrad.renderer import Estimates
 from tinygrad.dtype import dtypes
 
 uops_colors = {Ops.LOAD: "#ffc0c0", Ops.STORE: "#87CEEB", Ops.CONST: "#e0e0e0", Ops.VCONST: "#e0e0e0", Ops.REDUCE: "#FF5B5B",
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def get_rewrites(t:RewriteTrace) -> list[dict]:
   for i,(k,v) in enumerate(zip(t.keys, t.rewrites)):
     steps = [create_step(s.name, ("/graph-rewrites", i, j), loc=s.loc, match_count=len(s.matches), code_line=printable(s.loc),
                          trace=k.tb if j==0 else None, depth=s.depth) for j,s in enumerate(v)]
-    if isinstance(k.ret, ProgramSpec):
+    if isinstance(k.ret, UOp) and k.ret.op is Ops.PROGRAM:
       steps.append(create_step("View UOp List", ("/uops", i, len(steps)), k.ret))
       steps.append(create_step("View Program", ("/code", i, len(steps)), k.ret))
       steps.append(create_step("View Disassembly", ("/asm", i, len(steps)), k.ret))
@@ -161,9 +161,10 @@ def timeline_layout(dev_events:list[tuple[int, int, float, DevEvent]], start_ts:
     name, fmt, key = e.name, [], None
     if (ref:=ref_map.get(name)) is not None:
       name = ctxs[ref]["name"]
-      if isinstance(p:=trace.keys[ref].ret, ProgramSpec) and (ei:=exec_points.get(p.name)) is not None:
+      if isinstance(p:=trace.keys[ref].ret, UOp) and p.op is Ops.PROGRAM and (ei:=exec_points.get(p.src[0].arg.name)) is not None:
-        flops = sym_infer(p.estimates.ops, var_vals:=ei.arg['var_vals'])/(t:=dur*1e-6)
+        estimates = Estimates.from_uops(list(p.src[2].src), ignore_indexing=True)
-        membw, ldsbw = sym_infer(p.estimates.mem, var_vals)/t, sym_infer(p.estimates.lds, var_vals)/t
+        flops = sym_infer(estimates.ops, var_vals:=ei.arg['var_vals'])/(t:=dur*1e-6)
+        membw, ldsbw = sym_infer(estimates.mem, var_vals)/t, sym_infer(estimates.lds, var_vals)/t
         fmt = [f"{flops*1e-9:.0f} GFLOPS" if flops < 1e14 else f"{flops*1e-12:.0f} TFLOPS",
               (f"{membw*1e-9:.0f} GB/s" if membw < 1e13 else f"{membw*1e-12:.0f} TB/s")+" mem",
               (f"{ldsbw*1e-9:.0f} GB/s" if ldsbw < 1e15 else f"{ldsbw*1e-12:.0f} TB/s")+" lds"]
@@ -425,10 +426,12 @@ def get_render(i:int, j:int, fmt:str) -> dict:
   data = ctxs[i]["steps"][j]["data"]
   if fmt == "graph-rewrites": return {"value":get_full_rewrite(trace.rewrites[i][j]), "content_type":"text/event-stream"}
   if fmt == "uops": return {"src":get_stdout(lambda: print_uops(data.uops or [])), "lang":"txt"}
-  if fmt == "code": return {"src":data.src, "lang":"cpp"}
+  # PROGRAM UOp: src[3].arg is source code
+  source_code = data.src[3].arg
+  if fmt == "code": return {"src":source_code, "lang":"cpp"}
   if fmt == "asm":
     compiler = Device[data.device].compiler
-    disasm_str = get_stdout(lambda: compiler.disassemble(compiler.compile(data.src)))
+    disasm_str = get_stdout(lambda: compiler.disassemble(compiler.compile(source_code)))
     ret:dict = {"src":disasm_str}
     if data.device.startswith("AMD"):
       with soft_err(lambda err: ret.update(err)):